ZINC 12

User Information

Not Authenticated — sign in

Active cart: Temporary Cart (0 items)

Navigation

About
- ZINC
- BCIRC
- Irwin Lab
- Shoichet Lab
- UCSF
- Acknowledgements
- Facts
- Usage
Search
- By:
- Text
- Structure
- Properties
- Catalogs
- ZINC
- Targets
- Rings
- Combination
Subsets
- By:
- Catalog
- Property
- Target
- Ring
- Cart
Help
- Introduction
- FAQ
- Scripting/API
- Quick Search
- Problems
- Filtering
- History
Social
- ZINC Fans
- Decoy Club
- DOCK Fans
- Facebook
- Twitter
- Blog
- Linkedin
Quick Search ZINC ID or SMILES

Results
Query Details

Page Size:

Format: Representations: Purchasability:

ZINC Item

Suppliers, Protomers, & Similar Substances

36870944

Analogs

44651866

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.18	1.04	-51.37	4	4	1	69	175.215	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.18	0.65	-10.05	3	4	0	68	174.207	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.18	0.65	-8.73	3	4	0	68	174.207	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36872252

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-1.50	1.81	-52.05	4	4	1	69	189.242	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-1.50	1.49	-8.36	3	4	0	68	188.234	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-1.50	1.47	-7.24	3	4	0	68	188.234	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36872253

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-1.50	1.54	-46.74	4	4	1	69	189.242	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-1.50	1.23	-8.49	3	4	0	68	188.234	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-1.50	1.23	-6.8	3	4	0	68	188.234	2	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36872464

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-1.00	2.64	-51.15	4	4	1	69	203.269	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-1.00	2.3	-7.91	3	4	0	68	202.261	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-1.00	3.01	-119.52	5	4	2	70	204.277	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36872465

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-1.00	2.36	-45.66	4	4	1	69	203.269	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-1.00	2.06	-7.58	3	4	0	68	202.261	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-1.00	3	-117.46	5	4	2	70	204.277	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36873881

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.44	3.4	-52.43	4	4	1	69	217.296	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.44	3.06	-7.81	3	4	0	68	216.288	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.44	3.78	-122.37	5	4	2	70	218.304	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36873882

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.44	3.12	-46.93	4	4	1	69	217.296	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.44	2.84	-7.43	3	4	0	68	216.288	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.44	3.76	-120.28	5	4	2	70	218.304	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36876210

Analogs

13607124

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.11	2.54	-48.96	4	4	1	69	203.269	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Mid Mid (pH 6-8)	-0.11	3	-103.14	5	4	2	70	204.277	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36876301

Analogs

13607124

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.38	1.77	-50.51	4	4	1	69	189.242	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.38	2.22	-112.17	5	4	2	70	190.25	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.38	2.19	-111.91	5	4	2	70	190.25	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36876729

Analogs

13607124

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	0.66	4.56	-91.49	5	4	2	70	232.331	6	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Mid Mid (pH 6-8)	0.66	4.11	-47.56	4	4	1	69	231.323	6	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36876860

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.22	3.93	-52.66	4	4	1	69	231.323	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.22	3.59	-7.72	3	4	0	68	230.315	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.22	4.23	-123.88	5	4	2	70	232.331	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36876861

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.22	3.61	-46.84	4	4	1	69	231.323	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.22	3.33	-7.33	3	4	0	68	230.315	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.22	4.25	-121.28	5	4	2	70	232.331	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36877067

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.75	2.99	-50.82	4	4	1	69	217.296	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.75	2.67	-8.08	3	4	0	68	216.288	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.75	3.59	-118.79	5	4	2	70	218.304	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36877068

Analogs

36872534
36872535

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.75	2.6	-46.07	4	4	1	69	217.296	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.75	2.29	-8.02	3	4	0	68	216.288	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.75	3.47	-117.62	5	4	2	70	218.304	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36877274

Analogs

44651866

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	0.19	2.92	-44.16	3	4	1	58	189.242	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	0.19	1.49	-8.04	2	4	0	54	188.234	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	0.19	1.49	-7.13	2	4	0	54	188.234	3	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36877662

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.25	3.61	-52.17	4	4	1	69	231.323	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.25	3.27	-7.66	3	4	0	68	230.315	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.25	4.22	-121.51	5	4	2	70	232.331	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36877664

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.25	4.33	-52.42	4	4	1	69	231.323	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.25	3.98	-7.13	3	4	0	68	230.315	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.25	4.1	-122.56	5	4	2	70	232.331	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36877666

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.25	3.25	-47.13	4	4	1	69	231.323	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.25	2.98	-7.31	3	4	0	68	230.315	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.25	4.09	-120.2	5	4	2	70	232.331	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36877668

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-0.25	4.13	-46.66	4	4	1	69	231.323	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-0.25	3.81	-6.85	3	4	0	68	230.315	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Lo Low (pH 4.5-6)	-0.25	4.23	-119.63	5	4	2	70	232.331	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36878157

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-2.21	0.19	-73.2	4	6	1	103	281.361	5	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-2.21	-0.1	-20.26	3	6	0	102	280.353	5	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Mid Mid (pH 6-8)	-2.21	0.28	-47.62	4	6	1	103	281.361	5	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36878158

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	-2.21	-0.09	-67.82	4	6	1	103	281.361	5	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Hi High (pH 8-9.5)	-2.21	-0.42	-21.79	3	6	0	102	280.353	5	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Mid Mid (pH 6-8)	-2.21	0.23	-48.23	4	6	1	103	281.361	5	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

36878241

Analogs

13607124

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	1.17	5.34	-88.35	5	4	2	70	246.358	7	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Mid Mid (pH 6-8)	1.17	4.89	-47.46	4	4	1	69	245.35	7	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

69841089

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	0.29	3.27	-51.3	4	4	1	69	217.296	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Mid Mid (pH 6-8)	0.29	3.72	-108.74	5	4	2	70	218.304	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

69841091

Analogs

Draw Identity 99% 90% 80% 70%

Find On: PubMed — Wikipedia — Google

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Type pH range	xlogP	Des A‑Pol Apolar desolvation (kcal/mol)	Des Pol Polar desolvation (kcal/mol)	H Don H-bond donors	H Acc H-bond acceptors	Chg Net charge	tPSA (Å²)	MWT Molecular weight (g/mol)	RB Rotatable bonds	DL
Ref Reference (pH 7)	0.29	3.27	-48.96	4	4	1	69	217.296	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase
Mid Mid (pH 6-8)	0.29	3.72	-107.25	5	4	2	70	218.304	4	↓ MOL2 SDF SMILES Flexibase

Parameters Provided:

ring.id = 26497
filter.purchasability = annotated
page.format = targets
page.num = 1

Structural Results Found: (before additional filtering)

SQL Query Was

SELECT DISTINCT(ci.sub_id_fk) AS sub_id FROM catalog_item AS ci INNER JOIN catalog AS c ON ci.cat_id_fk=c.cat_id INNER JOIN hasring AS hr ON ci.sub_id_fk=hr.sub_id_fk INNER JOIN rings AS r ON hr.rings_fk=r.rings_id  WHERE r.rings_id = 26497 AND c.free = 1 AND c.purchasable = 0    LIMIT 50

Permalink

//zinc12.docking.org/results/combination?ring.id=26497&filter.purchasability=annotated

Embed Link to Results

<div id="zinc-link"></div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//zinc12.docking.org/js/embed.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    window.zinc.embed('zinc-link', {
        "ring.id": "26497"        

    });
</script>

ZINC 12

User Information

Navigation

About

Search

Subsets

Help

Social

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations

Analogs

Activity (Go SEA)

Physical Representations